US aid divides military, govt in Pakistan
US Senator John Kerry is dashing into Pakistani capital next week to defuse deepening rift between the powerful military and a weak civilian government over a multi-billion dollar aid package, officials said Thursday.
The US Congress last week approved a five-year 7.5 billion dollar aid package for Pakistan to build schools, roads and democratic
institutions in the country reeling from militant violence for siding with the United States in its war on terror, but it has angered
opposition parties and the military for being intrusive to its sovereignty and national security.
“Yes Senator Kerry is due to arrive in Islamabad next week,” a senior government official told this correspondent. The US embassy, however, refused to comment citing security reasons.
This visit by Senator Kerry, the co-author of Kerry-Lugar Bill, is taking place amid growing rift between the military and the government who see it as both detrimental for national security and a big achievement respectively.
Alarm bells starting ringing Wednesday after a military statement said that a meeting of the army Corps Commanders presided over by army chief General Kayani at General Headquarters in Rawalpindi expressed “serious concern” over certain clauses of the bill impacting national security.
“Kerry Lugar bill also came under discussion during the conference. The forum expressed serious concern regarding clauses impacting on national security,” the military statement said after the meeting.
It said that a formal input is being provided to the government. However it said that in the considered view of the forum, it is the
parliament, that represents the will of the people of Pakistan, which would deliberate on the issue, enabling the government to develop a national response.
A few hours after furious opposition parties during a parliamentary debate over the “intrusive” US legislation criticised the government.
Leader of the opposition in National Assembly, the lower house of the federal parliament, said that “each and every line of the Kerry-Lugar Bill was insulting for Pakistan and the US should be given a message that it will be damaging for the US’s own interests.”
Prime Minister Yousuf Raza Gilani however tried to ward off apprehensions about possible adverse action by the military during his
address to the national assembly saying that he had taken into confidence Kayani and President Asif Ali Zardari.
“This country is ours. Parliament is ours. Army is ours. Our army is pro-democracy and highly professional,” Gilani said.
The Kerry-Lugar bill sets certain conditions like restricting the funding from being used to support extremists or to attack
neighbouring countries, namely India with whom Pakistan has fought three wars since 1947. The US legislation also demands that Pakistan take action against extremists on its soil and curtail the militantly anti-Indian movements Lashkar-e-Taiba and Jaish-e-Mohammed.
It also calls for a halt to half of the assistance unless the US special envoy on Pakistan and Afghanistan determines each fiscal year
that Pakistan is cooperating for nuclear non-proliferation and working toward US strategic goals.
Chairman Kerry And Chairman Berman Release Joint Explanatory Statement To Accompany Enhanced Partnership With Pakistan Act Of 2009
14-Oct-09
WASHINGTON, D.C.– Today at a joint press availability, Senate Foreign Relations Chairman John Kerry, House Foreign Relations Chairman Howard L. Berman and Pakistani Foreign Minister Qureshi announced the release of a joint explanatory statement to accompany Senate Bill 1707, the Enhanced Partnership with Pakistan Act of 2009.
Chairman Kerry made the following remarks at today’s press availability:
“In order to set the record straight, Chairman Berman and I are today submitting a Joint Explanatory Statement to accompany the Enhanced Partnership with Pakistan Act (S.1707). It affirms that the primary intention of the Enhanced Partnership with Pakistan Act is to demonstrate the American people’s long-term commitment to the people of Pakistan. It will be placed in the Congressional Record today along with the final version of the legislation that the President will be signing.
“The purpose of this Joint Explanatory Statement is to facilitate accurate interpretation of the text and to ensure faithful implementation of its provisions in accordance with the intentions of the legislation.
“It affirms that the United States values its friendship with the Pakistani people and honors the great sacrifices made by Pakistani security forces in the fight against extremism.
“And it also makes absolutely clear – and I want to emphasize this point – that the legislation does not seek in any way to compromise Pakistan’s sovereignty, impinge on Pakistan’s national security interests, or micromanage any aspect of Pakistani military or civilian operations.
“The fact that this legislation was passed unanimously in both the Senate and the House of Representatives sends a very strong message of the desire of the United States Congress to strengthen our relationship through a long term commitment of economic assistance to the people of Pakistan.
“This bill should be seen as a true sign of U.S. friendship to the people of Pakistan. Even at a time when Americans are going through challenging economic times, the United States is pledging $7.5 billion to the Pakistani people, to spur their own economic progress through schools, health infrastructure, and development.
“Our hope is that it will transform the relationship between the U.S. and Pakistan into a deeper, broader, long-term strategic engagement with the people of Pakistan.”
Chairman Berman made the following statement at today’s press availability:
“This is a reflection of our desire to be long-term partners with the Pakistani people, to work with them for stability and the strategic interests that we share.”
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The text of the joint explanatory statement to accompany S.1707, the Enhanced Partnership with Pakistan Act of 2009 is below:
The following is an explanation of S. 1707, the Enhanced Partnership with Pakistan Act of 2009. The final text of the legislation reflects an agreement reached by the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations and the House Committee on Foreign Affairs. The purpose of this Explanatory Statement is to facilitate accurate interpretation of the text and to ensure faithful implementation of its provisions in accordance with the intentions of the legislation.
The core intent of the Enhanced Partnership with Pakistan Act is to demonstrate the American people’s long-term commitment to the people of Pakistan. The United States values its friendship with the Pakistani people and honors the great sacrifices made by Pakistani security forces in the fight against extremism, and the legislation reflects the goals shared by our two governments.
The legislation does not seek in any way to compromise Pakistan’s sovereignty, impinge on Pakistan’s national security interests, or micromanage any aspect of Pakistani military or civilian operations. There are no conditions on Pakistan attached to the authorization of $7.5 billion in non-military aid. The only requirements on this funding are financial accountability measures that Congress is imposing on the U.S. executive branch, to ensure that this assistance supports programs that most benefit the Pakistani people.
Summary of Congressional Intent
The Enhanced Partnership with Pakistan Act of 2009 (the “Act”) establishes a legislative foundation for a strengthened partnership between the United States and Pakistan, based on a shared commitment to improving the living conditions of the people of Pakistan through strengthening democracy and the rule of law, sustainable economic development, and combating terrorism and extremism. It is the intent of Congress to strengthen the long-term people-to-people relationship between the United States and Pakistan by investing directly in the needs of the Pakistani people. This legislation is intended to fortify a lasting partnership with Pakistan based on mutual trust.
The overall level of economic assistance authorized annually by this legislation is tripled over FY 2008 U.S. funding levels, with the bulk of aid intended for projects such as schools, roads, medical clinics, and infrastructure development. The funds directly authorized by this Act – $1.5 billion in economic and development assistance annually for five years, with a similar amount envisioned for a subsequent five years – place no conditions on the Government of Pakistan. The only requirements are accountability measures placed on the United States executive branch to ensure that the aid directly benefits the Pakistani people.
This Act fully recognizes and respects the independence of Pakistan as a sovereign nation. The purpose of this Act is to forge a closer collaborative relationship between Pakistan and the United States, not to dictate the national policy or impinge on the sovereignty of Pakistan in any way. Any interpretation of this Act which suggests that the United States does not fully recognize and respect the sovereignty of Pakistan would be directly contrary to Congressional intent.
The certifications in the Act regarding certain limited forms of security assistance are consistent with previous Congressional legislation regarding security assistance to Pakistan and other nations. In all cases, they align with the aims of, and serve to reinforce the publicly-articulated positions of, the democratically-elected Government of Pakistan, and Pakistani military leaders, to combat extremists and militants.
Sections 1-4: Strengthening a Relationship Founded on Mutual Respect
Sections 1-4 establish the framework and context for the legislative provisions that follow. The Findings and the Statement of Principles demonstrate an unequivocal appreciation for the friendship of the Pakistani people, and for the sacrifices made by the Pakistani security forces and people in fighting extremism. The Findings in Section 3 include:
Section 3(1): “Congress finds the following: The people of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan and the United States share a long history of friendship and comity, and the interests of both nations are well-served by strengthening and deepening this friendship.”
Section 3(4): “Pakistan is a major non-NATO ally of the United States and has been a valuable partner in the battle against al Qaeda and the Taliban, but much more remains to be accomplished by both nations. The struggle against al Qaeda, the Taliban, and affiliated terrorist groups has led to the deaths of several thousand Pakistani civilians and members of the security forces of Pakistan over the past seven years.”
The Statement of Principles in Section 4 include:
Section 4(1): “Pakistan is a critical friend and ally to the United States, both in times of strife and in times of peace, and the two countries share many common goals, including combating terrorism and violent radicalism, solidifying democracy and rule of law in Pakistan, and promoting the social and economic development of Pakistan.”
Section 4(4): “The United States supports Pakistan’s struggle against extremist elements and recognizes the profound sacrifice made by Pakistan in the fight against terrorism, including the loss of more than 1,900 soldiers and police since 2001 in combat with al Qaeda, the Taliban, and other extremist and terrorist groups.”
Title I: Democratic, Economic and Development Assistance for Pakistan
This Title contains the core intention of this legislation: To make a long-term commitment to the people of Pakistan by tripling non-military assistance, free of any conditions on the Pakistani government. The purposes set forth for the $7.5 billion that is authorized here are all intended to reflect the expressed priorities of the Pakistani people. Specifically, Section 101(a) provides that:
“The President is authorized to provide assistance to Pakistan to support the consolidation of democratic institutions; to support the expansion of rule of law, build the capacity of government institutions, and promote respect for internationally-recognized human rights; to promote economic freedoms and sustainable economic development; to support investment in people, including those displaced in on-going counterinsurgency operations; and to strengthen public diplomacy.”
The funds authorized under Title I are intended to be used to work with and benefit Pakistani organizations. Specifically, Section 101(c)(3) provides that:
“The President is encouraged, as appropriate, to utilize Pakistani firms and community and local nongovernmental organizations in Pakistan, including through host country contracts, and to work with local leaders to provide assistance under this section.”
Section 102 (a) makes clear that there are no conditions placed on the Pakistani government for delivery of the $7.5 billion in assistance. The only accounting requirements are of the U.S. executive branch.
Section 102(d) makes clear that a long term commitment to increased civilian assistance for the people of Pakistan is envisioned by stating that it is the desire of Congress that the amounts authorized for fiscal years 2010-2014 shall continue from fiscal years 2015-2019.
Section 103(b)authorizes establishment of field offices for Inspectors General to audit and oversee expenditure of this assistance. It is the intent of Congress that such offices would be established in consultation with appropriate Pakistani authorities for the purpose of ensuring optimal management of resources.
Title II: Security Assistance for Pakistan
The intention of this section is to strengthen cooperative efforts to confront extremism. The purposes of security assistance are intended to be completely cooperative, and reflect the intention that such assistance be used to support Pakistan in achieving its stated objectives in winning the ongoing counterinsurgency, defeating terrorist organizations that threaten Pakistan, and strengthening democratic institutions. Specifically, Section 201(1) “Purposes of Assistance” states that:
“The purposes of assistance under this title are –
(1) to support Pakistan’s paramount national security need to fight and win the ongoing counterinsurgency within its borders in accordance with its national security interests;
(2) to work with the Government of Pakistan to improve Pakistan’s border security and control and help prevent any Pakistani territory from being used as a base or conduit for terrorist attacks in Pakistan, or elsewhere;
(3) to work in close cooperation with the Government of Pakistan to coordinate action against extremist and terrorist targets; and
(4) to help strengthen the institutions of democratic governance…. ”
The provisions applied to certain limited portions of U.S. security assistance in Section 203 are intended to be fully in line with the existing policy of the Government of Pakistan. Specifically, Section 203(c)(1) reflects our understanding that cooperative efforts currently being undertaken by the Governments of Pakistan and the United States to combat proliferation will continue.
Section 203(c)(2) reflects the intent that U.S. security assistance is used in furtherance of the purposes set forth in Section 201 above, e.g., ensuring Pakistan’s security, winning the counterinsurgency within Pakistan, preventing territory from being used for terrorist attacks in Pakistan and elsewhere, and coordinating action against extremist and terrorist targets. This section requires a certification by the U.S. executive branch to Congress regarding the efforts and progress made in achieving these purposes, and includes a series of factors to be considered collectively by the Secretary of State in making this assessment.
Section 203(c)(3) includes a provision intended to express support for democratic institutions in Pakistan.
Section 203(e) contains a waiver making clear that this certification could be waived if the determination is made by the Secretary of State in the interests of national security that this was necessary to continue such assistance.
Title III. Strategy, Accountability, Monitoring, and Other Provisions.
The intention of this section is to ensure that there is transparency and accountability in the way authorized assistance is spent. This Title requires the U.S. executive branch to provide various reports to Congress designed to demonstrate that funds are being used for the purposes set forth in Title I and Title II; there are no requirements on the Government of Pakistan.
Section 301 “Strategy Reports” requires three reports from the U.S. executive branch that detail a plan for how U.S. assistance to Pakistan will be spent and evaluated and a regional security plan for how the United States can best work with its partners for “effective counterinsurgency and counterterrorism efforts.”
Section 302 “Monitoring Reports” reflects the need for ongoing consultation between the U.S executive branch and Congress on monitoring U.S. assistance to Pakistan, including a “Semi-Annual Monitoring Report” where:
“The Secretary of State, in consultation with the Secretary of Defense, shall submit to the appropriate congressionalcommittees a report that describes the assistance provided under this Act during the preceding 180-day period.”
The many requirements of this report are intended as a way for Congress to assess how effectively U.S. funds are being spent, shortfalls in U.S. resources that hinder the use of such funds, and steps the Government of Pakistan has taken to advance our mutual interests in countering extremism and nuclear proliferation and strengthening democratic institutions.
There is no intent to, and nothing in this Act in any way suggests that there should be, any U.S. role in micromanaging internal Pakistani affairs, including the promotion of Pakistani military officers or the internal operations of the Pakistani military.
The reports envisioned in this Section are not binding on Pakistan, and require only the provision of information by the executive branch to the U.S. Congress, in furtherance of the Act’s stated purpose of strengthening civilian institutions and the democratically-elected Government of Pakistan.
# # #